A Nature review published by Prof.Claire Bowern,Department of Linguistics, Yale University draws our attention to the factors that contribute to the loss of linguistic diversity, which is currently happening at an unprecedented rate worldwide. The article provides an overview of the many challenges faced by languages and the people who speak them, and discusses some of the key drivers of language loss.
One of the main drivers of language loss is language shift, which occurs when speakers of a minority language switch to a dominant language, often as a result of economic, political, or social pressures. This can lead to the gradual erosion of the minority language, as younger generations become less fluent in it and eventually stop speaking it altogether.
Another driver of language loss is language contact, which occurs when two or more languages come into contact with each other, often as a result of migration or colonization. This can lead to language mixing and borrowing, but can also lead to the loss of one or more of the languages involved, as one language becomes dominant over the others.
Other drivers of language loss include language attitudes, which can lead to negative stereotypes and stigmatization of minority languages, as well as government policies, such as language planning and education policies, which can have a significant impact on the status and vitality of minority languages.
The article also discusses some of the ways in which linguists and language activists are working to address language loss, including documenting endangered languages, revitalizing endangered languages through language education and community engagement, and promoting multilingualism as a way to preserve linguistic diversity.
This article highlights the urgent need to address the drivers of language loss and to take action to preserve linguistic diversity, which is an important part of human cultural heritage. By understanding the many factors that contribute to language loss, and by working to promote and protect linguistic diversity, we can help to ensure that the world’s languages and the cultures and communities they represent continue to thrive.
Reference:
For a detailed account read the original paper.
Bowern, C. Drivers of language loss. Nat Ecol Evol 6, 132–133 (2022).
